London+Bombing+(2005)

=__London Bombing__=

Overview: The **7 July 2005 London bombings** (referred to often as **7/7**) were a series of coordinated suicide attacks upon Londoners using the public transport system during the morning "rush hour". During that morning, four militants detonated four bombs, three on London Underground trains in quick succession, a fourth bomb exploding an hour later in a double-decker bus in Tavistock Square. Fifty-six people, including four bombers, were killed by the attacks, and about 700 were injured.

Attacks: Three bombs on the London Underground exploded within fifty seconds of each other:
 * The first bomb exploded in an eastbound Circle Line sub-surface Underground train, number 204, travelling between Liverpool Street and Aldgate station. The train had left King's Cross St. Pancras station about eight minutes earlier. At the time of the explosion, the third carriage of the train was approximately 100 yards (90 m) along the tunnel from Liverpool Street. The parallel track of the Hammersmith and City Line from Liverpool Street to Aldgate East was also damaged.
 * The second bomb exploded in the second carriage of a westbound Circle Line sub-surface Underground train, number 216. The train had just left platform 4 at Edgware Road and was moving toward Paddington station . The train had left King's Cross St. Pancras station about eight minutes earlier. There were several other trains nearby at the time of the explosion. An eastbound Circle Line train (arriving at platform 3 at Edgware Road from Paddington) was passing next to the train and was damaged, along with a wall that collapsed later. There were two other trains at Edgware Road: an unidentified train on platform 2, and a southbound Hammersmith & City line train that had just arrived at platform 1.
 * The third bomb exploded in a southbound Piccadilly line deep-level Underground train, number 311, travelling between King's Cross St. Pancras station and Russell Square. The bomb exploded about one minute after the train left King's Cross, by which time it had travelled about 500 yards (450 m). The explosion occurred at the rear of the first carriage of the train (car no 166), causing severe damage to the rear of that carriage, as well as the front of the second one. The surrounding tunnel also sustained damage.

Bombers:
 * **Mohammad Sidique Khan** (aged 30)
 * **Shehzad Tanweer** (aged 22)
 * **Germaine Lindsay** (aged 19)
 * **Hasib Hussain** (aged 18)

Economic Impact: The value of the British pound decreased 0.89 cents to a 19-month low against the US$. The FTSE 100 Index decreased by about 200 points during the two hours after the first attack. This was its greatest decrease since the start of the war in Iraq, and it triggered the London Stock Exchange's special measures, restricting panic selling and aimed at ensuring market stability. However, by the time the market closed it had recovered to only 71.3 points (1.36%) down on the previous day's three-year closing high. Markets in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain also closed about 1% down on the day. US market indexes increased slightly, partly because the dollar index increased sharply against the pound and the euro. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 31.61 to 10,302.29. The Nasdaq Composite Index increased 7.01 to 2075.66. The S&P 500 increased 2.93 points to 1197.87 after decreasing as much as 1%. Every benchmark value gained 0.3%. The market values increased again on 8 July as it became clear that the damage caused by the bombings was not as great as thought initially. By end of trading the market had recovered fully to above its level at start of trading on 7 July. Insurers in the UK tend to re-insure their terrorist liabilities in excess of the first £75,000,000 with Pool Re, a mutual insurer established by the government with major insurers. Pool Re has substantial reserves and newspaper reports indicated that claims would easily be funded.

Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings

Done By:Samuel Daryl 4I

Statistics given not easy to grasp, so would not appeal to ordinary readers

=__**Bali bombings 2002**__=

Overview:
The **2002 Bali bombings** occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack was the deadliest act of terrorism in the history of Indonesia, killing 202 people, (including 88 Australians, and 38 Indonesian citizens). A further 240 people were injured.The blasts were "the worst act of terrorism in the country's history," according to Indonesian police Chief Da'e Bakhtiar.

There where in total 3 bombs. First a backpack-mounted device carried by a suicide bomber; second a large car bomb, both of which were detonated in or near popular nightclubs in Kuta; and a third much smaller device detonated outside the United States consulate in Denpasar, causing only minor damage.

Various members of Jemaah Islamiyah, a violent Islamist group, were convicted in relation to the bombings, including three individuals who were sentenced to death. Abu Bakar Bashir, the alleged spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, was found guilty and sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. However Bashir only served 18 months of his 2½ year imprisonment, because of his indirect involvement with the incident.

__**The Bombing**__
At 23:05 (15:05 UTC) on 12 October 2002, a suicide bomber inside the nightclub Paddy's Pub detonated a bomb in his backpack, causing many patrons, with or without injuries, to immediately flee into the street. Twenty seconds later, a second and much more powerful car bomb hidden inside a white Mitsubishi van was detonated by another suicide bomber outside the Sari Club, located opposite Paddy's Pub.

The van was also rigged for detonation by remote control in case the second bomber had a sudden change of heart. Damage to the densely populated residential and commercial district was immense, destroying neighbouring buildings and shattering windows several blocks away. The car bomb explosion left a one meter deep crater.



__Execution of Suspects__
On 9 November 2008, 3 individuals: **Imam Samudra**, ** Amrozi Nurhasyim ** and **Huda bin Abdul Haq**,who where part of the Jemaah Islamiyahgroup, were executed by fi.ring squad on the island prison of Nusakambangan at 00:15 Local time (17:15 GMT).In the final moment, there was no remorse or repentance, and they shouted: Allahu Akbar, or "God is great!"

__Economic Impact__
One of the impact caused by the bali bombing was the economic impact it had on the country. One of them is the immediate impact on the tourism industry in bali.Bali is among the less-developed parts of Indonesia which is greatly dependent upon the tourism industry to supply job opportunities for the people which is usually largely involved with semi-subsistence farming. Bali makes up about 40% of Indonesia's revenue from tourism, which in 2002 generated $US 5.4 billion dollars in foreign exchange. When the bobming happened it greatly damaged the tourism industry.

However, besides the tourism industry, the bombing also affected Indonesia's already serious problems with lack of foreign investment.

__Update on the Bali Bombing__
Another suspect of the bali bombing was arrested this year. Bali bombing suspect Umar Patek arrested was in Pakistan earlier this year.

Sources:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12900555 http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2002-03/03cib04.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings#The_bomb http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/10/13/bali.blast/ Images from: Google Images

Done by: Tan Guan Wei and Jason Lim 4I

8/10 a concise & good report