Impact+of+Transnational+Terrorism

= **__BA__**__LI BOMBI__**__NGS 2002__** =

The Bali terrorist bombing occurred on October 12, 2002 in the town of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali, killing 202 people and injuring a further 209, most of whom were foreign tourists. It is considered the deadliest act of terrorism in Indonesian history.

A number of Indonesians were sentenced to death for their parts in the bombings and in October 2002 Abu Bakar Bashir, a leader of the Jemaah Islamiah organisation often accused of being behind the attacks, was charged over his alleged role in the bombing.

__The bombing__
At 11:05pm (1505 UTC) on 12 October 2002, an electronically triggered bomb ripped through Paddy's Bar, driving the injured out into the street. Approximately ten to fifteen seconds later, a second much more powerful car bomb concealed in a white Mitsubishi van exploded in front of the Sari Club. Windows throughout the town were blown out. Scenes of horror and panic inside and outside the bars followed, with many acts of individual heroism. The local hospital was unable to cope with the number of injured, particularly burn victims. Many of the wounded, of all nationalities, were flown by the Royal Australian Air Force to hospitals in Darwin and other Australian cities. The final death toll was 202, the majority of them holiday-makers in their 20s and 30s who were in the two bars. Many Balinese working in the bars were also killed. Hundreds more people suffered horrific burns and other injuries. The largest group among those killed were holiday-makers from Australia. The Bali bombing is sometimes called "Australia's September 11" because of the large number of its citizens killed in the attack. The nationalities of the dead were believed to be:


 * Australian 88
 * Indonesian 38 (the majority Balinese)
 * British 26
 * American 7
 * German 6
 * Swedish 5
 * Dutch 4
 * French 4
 * Danish 3
 * New Zealanders 3
 * Swiss 3
 * Brazilian 2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Canadian 2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Japanese 2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">South African 2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">South Korean 2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ecuadorian 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Greek 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Italian 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Polish 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Portuguese 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Taiwanese 1

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adapted from: http://www.balihotelfinder.com/balibombingkuta.html

=From the news....=


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">October 13-19: FRONT LINES; BALI BOMBING __**

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">BY RAYMOND BONNER <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The bomb attack in the peaceful resort island of Bali that killed nearly 200 appears to have shaken Indonesia out of its lethargic attitude toward terrorism. After more than a year of warnings from the United States that the archipelago was an ideal place for Al Qaeda members to hide and operate, Indonesia took steps toward cracking down on a radical Islamic network, Jemaah Islamiyah, which Western and Asian governments say is a terrorist organization that has worked with Al Qaeda. Police said they would question the group's leader, Abu Bakar Bashir.

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">October 20, 2002


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">THREATS AND RESPONSES: ASIAN FRONT; Indonesians, Tracing A.T.M. Use, Arrest Major Suspect in Bali Bombing __**

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">BY RAYMOND BONNER

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Indonesian authorities today arrested a man who they said played an important role in the attack last month in Bali that killed nearly 200 Western tourists. The suspect, who uses several aliases but is best known as Imam Samudra, was arrested early tonight as he prepared to get on a ferry for Sumatra, from where he could have easily crossed into Malaysia. Mr. Samudra, who had been the object of a large-scale manhunt, was traced by the police after he used a credit card in an A.T.M.

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">November 22, 2002


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">THREATS AND RESPONSES: INDONESIA; Suspect Tells Police That Target of Bali Bombing Was Americans, Not Australians __**

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">BY JANE PERLEZ

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A suspect in the terrorist attack on a Bali disco told his interrogators that the group that carried out the blast intended to attack Americans and regretted that instead they killed many more Australians, the head of the investigation said today. A senior Western diplomat said today that all indicators from the investigation of the bombing, which killed 180 people, including 87 Australians and 7 Americans, were "pointing in the direction" of the operational leader for Al Qaeda in southeast Asia being the...

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">November 9, 2002


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">November 17-23: INTERNATIONAL; TARGET, SCHOOLS __**

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">BY RAYMOND BONNER

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">International schools closed in Jakarta, Indonesia, after a Western intelligence agency uncovered a threat by Jemaah Islamiyah, a local radical Islamic group. Indonesians nervously asked, If terrorists are prepared to kill children, what is the next target? Meanwhile, police caught the alleged mastermind of the Bali bombing, Imam Samudra, as boarded a ferry. Raymond Bonner

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">November 24, 2002

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adapted from: http://www.nytimes.com/keyword/bali-bombing

= __**Economic Impact**__ =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">One of the many important concerns created by the Bali bombings is the effect on the Indonesian economy. The most obvious effect is the damage to tourism on the island of Bali. Bali is one of the less-developed regions of Indonesia and is heavily dependent on this one industry to provide jobs for a workforce that is otherwise mostly involved in semi-subsistence agriculture. Bali accounts for about 40 per cent of Indonesia's earnings from tourism, which last year earned $US 5.4 billion in foreign exchange. Tourism revenue ranks alongside clothing, textiles and petroleum products as the biggest sources of foreign income for Indonesia. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Tourist numbers to Indonesia slumped badly after the economic and political crises of 1997 and 1998, but Bali had been relatively immune from negative perceptions. Arrivals to Bali remained firm, although the steady growth of previous years was brought to an end. It remains to be seen how long it will take for tourists to return, but the shattering of Bali's image as a peaceful enclave sheltered from the violence affecting the rest of the country could make rebuilding the industry a very difficult process. Tourism in the neighbouring island of Flores was badly affected by communal violence in 2000, and experience there has been that several years are required to re-establish confidence amongst international tourists. Visitors have reportedly been deserting tourist sites in other parts of Indonesia since the Bali events.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">But apart from the immediate effect on the tourism industry, the Bali explosions are likely to add to Indonesia's already serious problems with lack of foreign investment. In the last year or so there had been some return of confidence in the Indonesian economy, with the Government projecting a growth rate of 3.5 per cent for the coming year. Following the formation of the Megawati Government, the currency recovered some strength, the stock market has been healthy and inflation brought under control. Most growth, however, has been sustained by domestic demand and desperately needed foreign investment has remained at negligible levels. Without new investment, sustained growth will be impossible, especially since five years of no investment in infrastructure such as power generation has left the economy with emerging structural weaknesses. Regular power failures are beginning to occur across the key island of Java.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Bali bombings will reinforce negative sentiment about the country amongst prospective investors. Investors have been reluctant to commit to Indonesia because of perceived political instability and poor economic prospects, as well as problems with corruption in the bureaucracy and the legal and judicial system that make doing business costly and risky. The Bali events will add to perceptions about violence and threats to the personal safety of foreigners.

<span style="color: #c0c0c0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adapted from: http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2002-03/03cib04.htm

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Done By: Chan Wei Xiong 4I (23) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Nicholas Tan 4I (40)